The Song dynasty (960–1279) scholar Ouyang Xiu (1007–1072) asserts that the 'leaf' game existed at least since the mid-Tang dynasty and associated its invention with the development of printed sheets as a writing medium. It received commentary by writers of subsequent dynasties. The first known book on the 'leaf' game was called the Yezi Gexi and allegedly written by a Tang woman. It describes Princess Tongchang, daughter of Emperor Yizong of Tang, playing the 'leaf game' in 868 with members of the Wei clan, the family of the princess's husband. The earliest known text containing a possible reference to card games is a 9th-century text known as the Collection of Miscellanea at Duyang, written by Tang dynasty writer Su E. Playing cards may have been invented during the Tang dynasty around the 9th century AD as a result of the usage of woodblock printing technology. Cards may also be produced for trading card sets or collectible card games, which can comprise hundreds if not thousands of unique cards.įurther information: Chinese playing cards Decks of cards or even single cards are also collected as a hobby or for monetary value. Playing cards are available in a wide variety of styles, as decks may be custom-produced for casinos and magicians (sometimes in the form of trick decks), made as promotional items, or intended as souvenirs, artistic works, educational tools, or branded accessories. Asia, too, has regional cards such as the Japanese hanafuda. Tarot cards (also known locally as Tarocks or tarocchi) are an old genre of playing card that is still very popular in France, central and Eastern Europe and Italy. However, many countries use other, traditional types of playing card, including those that are German, Italian, Spanish and Swiss-suited. The most common type of playing card is that found in the French-suited, standard 52-card pack, of which the most common design is the English pattern, followed by the Belgian-Genoese pattern. Playing cards are typically palm-sized for convenient handling, and usually are sold together in a set as a deck of cards or pack of cards. Some patterns of Tarot playing card are also used for divination, although bespoke cards for this use are more common. They are most commonly used for playing card games, and are also used in magic tricks, cardistry, card throwing, and card houses cards may also be collected. Often the front (face) and back of each card has a finish to make handling easier. A playing card is a piece of specially prepared card stock, heavy paper, thin cardboard, plastic-coated paper, cotton-paper blend, or thin plastic that is marked with distinguishing motifs.

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